Silicon wafer (single substrase), <100>, n-type, contains Arsenic as dopant, diam. × thickness 4 in. × 0.2 mm

Single crystal sapphire has a unique combination of physical, chemical and optical properties allowing it to withstand high temperatures, high pressure, thermal shock, and water or sand erosion

sapphire substrates - are usually used for hybrid microelectronic applications requiring a uniform dielectric constant and highly insulating characteristics. Sapphire substrates for photoelectronic applications, including the high brightness LED market.